• Number of the Grade of Venous International Assessment (VIA) Scale After Application of Intervention [ Time Frame: up to ten minutes after application of intervention ]
  Vein perception in VIA scale was considered as the self-reported visual observation or palpation of a venous pathway. Subjects were graded using the current clinical practice vein stagnation with an elastic compressor application (Unidix®). Five grades considering the numbers of points of optimal puncture visible and tangible, in one of the dorsal veins of the hand, forearm cephalic and/or basilic. Grade I: At least six. Grade II: At least four. Grade III: At least three. Grade IV: At least one. Grade V: None. Therefore, the best grade is I, and the worst grade is V. Higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Number of the Grade in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for Pain After Intervention [ Time Frame: up to 2 hours after application of intervention ]
  Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) in pain was measured by integer number. Pain was self-expressed by participants, in a range from 0 to 10. 10: was considered the worst pain experienced 0: no pain perceived. The entire range was 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Therefore, higher scores mean a worse outcome.
• Number of Participants in Each Type of Skin Standardized According to Fitzpatrick Scale [ Time Frame: up to 2 hours after application of intervention ]
  Number of participants in each type of skin standardized according to Fitzpatrick scale. Fitzpatrick scale is the UNABBREVIATED scale that indicates different types of skin described as "phototypes". The individuals were graded clinically by sel-expressed by participants in the area of the forearm not exposed to the sun. In a range of six phototypes, where phototype I corresponds with the minimum and phototype VI the maximum. Phototype I: Ivory white, burns easily, never tans. Phototype II: White, burns easily, tans minimally with difficulty. Phototype III: White, burns moderately, tans moderately and uniformly Phototype IV: Beige-olive, lightly tanned, burns minimally, tans moderately and easily. Phototype V: Rarely burns, tans profusely. Phototype VI: Dark brown or black, never burns, tans profusely. Phototype I was considered more risky outcome for expected adverse events in skin. None was considered better or worse outcome.
• Level of Hemolysis in Absorbance Units [ Time Frame: up to 9 days after first intervention completion ]
  Detection level of absorbance values of hemolysis in plasma samples. The units of absorbance are dimensionless. The hemolysis in plasma is analyzed by spectrophotometry method, using a NanoDrop® 2000 Spectrophotometer device (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Wilmington, United States of America). The following equation was used to correct lipemia: (A414-A385) +0.16xA385. Additionally, a baseline correction factor at 750 nanometer wavelength was applied. Therefore, absorbance were measured at 414 nanometer, 385 nanometer and 750 nanometer. Higher values represent a worse outcome: higher value mean higher hemolysis in a blood sample. Therefore, lower values, near to zero are better outcomes that mean low hemolysis in blood sample.
• Number of Participants With Adverse Events [ Time Frame: During the study completion,. an average of 30 days. ]
  Number of adverse events by visual inspection.

• Number of participants with at least one change in Venous International Assessment scale [ Time Frame: 1 minute ]
  Number of participants with at least one change (between before and after interventions) of at least one grade of Venous International Assessment scale that indicate venous perception and palpation, in a range of five grades, where grade I is considered the optimum vein status and grade V the worst venous status by perception and palpation by a nurse. No subscores. Only, the change of one grade was clinically significant.
• Number of participants with at least one change in Visual Analogue Scale for pain [ Time Frame: 1 minute ]
  Number of participants with at least one change (between comparator and after interventions application) of at least one grade of Visual Analogue Scale that indicate pain self-expressed by participants, in a range from 0 to 10, where 10 is considered the worst pain experienced and 0 no pain perceived. No subscores. Only, the change of one grade was clinically significant.
• Number of Participants in Each Type of Skin Standardized According to Fitzpatrick Scale [ Time Frame: 1 minute ]
  Number of participants in each type of skin standardized according to Fitzpatrick scale. Fitzpatrick scale is the full (UNABBREVIATED) scale that indicates different types of skin described as "phototypes" sel-expressed by participants in the area of the forearm not exposed to the sun. In a range of six phototypes, where phototype I corresponds with very fair and phototype VI with black skin. No subscores.
• Level of dimensionless absorbance values of hemolysis [ Time Frame: 3 minutes per sample ]
  Detection level of dimensionless absorbance values of hemolysis in plasma samples by spectrophotometry
• Adverse events [ Time Frame: 5 minutes ]
  Detection of adverse events by visual inspection and assessment by the World Health Organization causality algorithm

Low level intervention health products clinical trial, fourth phase, non-commercial research. Dissertation of COMPLUTENSE UNIVERSITY of Madrid.

Principal Investigator of this clinical trial: Ms. LETICIA CARMEN SIMÓN LÓPEZ Collaborative investigators: Dr. DOLORES OCHOA-MAZARRO (principal investigator of bioequivalence clinical trial), and Sir. SERGIO LUQUERO-BUENO (collaborative researcher)

The setting is Clinical trials Unit of Clinical Pharmacology Department. LA PRINCESA HOSPITAL of Madrid. Research Ethical Committee of LA PRINCESA HOSPITAL of Madrid. Any person will monitor this clinical trial because the sponsor and principal researcher are the same person. Nevertheless, an adherence to this protocol will ensure by principal researcher and co-researchers.

The three interventions are:

1. To Apply local dry heat.
2. To apply high tourniquet pressure.
3. To apply both of them. (Dry heat and high pressure) The common comparator: Current Clinical practice for peripheral venous catheterization.

The main hypothesis: The number of attempts of success venipuncture at first time are influenced by any of the interventions applied before.

The main goal: To identify the most effective intervention of applying dry local heat and/or high tourniquet pressure in relation of number success venipuncture attempts, compared to current clinical practice.

Design: An experimental, randomized study which is controlled with current clinical practice to insert a peripheral vein catheter. It is an incomplete cross-over clinical trial, with three arms which are involved interventions and a common comparator.

Population: Adult healthy subjects. Sample size: It is required to enroll 54 subjects with a 95% of level of confidence and 80% level of power.

Main variable: Succeed peripheral vein catheter insertion at first attempt.

Effectiveness assessment: The optimal effectiveness is considered when vein cannulation success at first attempt exceeds 95% applying any of the interventions.

Planned date to address: It is planned to carry out around June and/or July of 2017 for the main variable.

The study is considered a low level intervention clinical trial to evaluate the use and safety of a sanitary product marketed and accredited for a different aim, but according to their rules of using.

It is experimental, randomized and controlled study with the usual technique of inserting a venipuncture catheter until now. Incomplete clinical trial, blind to third parties, in healthy volunteers, which consists of three arms, in which they are intervened and the comparator is applied. The volunteers comes from a bioequivalence clinical trial for testing a new drug, and a venous catheter is required in two period between a wash-out period of one week, approximately.

For each volunteer one of intervention is applied in one period, and in other period the comparator is applied. Thus, one intervention and the sequence of one intervention application and comparator is assigned by randomization using sealed envelopes. Randomization is only performed in first period, in second period one intervention or comparator assigned in applied. Thus, each one volunteer is her/his own comparator

. Before assigned intervention or comparator is applied, a Venous International Assessment is carried out using Venous International Assessment (VIA) validated scale by nurse perception and palpation. After assigned intervention, another VIA is performed. Then, when peripheral venous catheterization is achieved, a blood sample is withdrawn in order to examine hemolysis. Afterwards, pain is registered by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) validated scale within no more than two hours from vein catheterization, and skin perception is evaluated by Fitzpatrick's scale (only in first period) in order to analyze a possible relationship with adverse events on skin. Subjects are followed-up for 72h in order to monitor adverse events if applicable.

According to hemolysis, an ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA) blood sample is processing at 3400 revolutions per minute at 4 Celsius grades for 10 minutes, and plasma samples are frosted for 24-48h. Afterwards, they are defrosted, and analyzed by absorbance using NANODROP SPECTROPHOTOMETER. The analysis by spectrophotometer is blinded of intervention or comparator used to withdrawn.

• Venipuncture
• Healthy Adult

• Device: Dry heat
  The application is made with two sacks of carob seeds during 7 minutes. The sacks are placed on antebrachial anatomical zone, together, and previously heated in the microwave for 0.30 seconds at 850 W of power.
• Device: High pressure
  It will be carried out with the use of the manual aneroid sphygmomanometer fixed at 100 millimeters of mercury. Brand (QUIRUMED) with European Conformity (CE) marking 0197. A pressure lower than the systolic blood pressure, and in each subject will be monitored the radial pulse.
• Device: Combination of dry heat and high pressure

  The application is made with two sacks of carob seeds during 7 minutes. The sacks may be placed on antebrachial anatomical zone, together, and previously heated in the microwave for 0.30 seconds at 850 W of power; according to instructions for use.

  After 7 minutes, the pressure is applied with the use of the manual aneroid sphygmomanometer fixed at 100 millimeters of mercury. Brand QUIRUMED with CE Marking 0197. A pressure lower than the systolic blood pressure, and in each subject will be monitored the radial pulse.

• Active Comparator: Current clinical practice-Dry heat

  The standardized and approved Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) GP41-A6 venipuncture guide has been established for clinical current practice so far. According to vein cannulation procedure CLSI GP41-A6, an elastic compressor will be applied (Synthetic rubber-latex compressor tape, UNIDIX®, Madrid, Spain) provided by the hospital.

  1 period (current clinical practice) and 2 period (dry heat) or 1 period (dry heat) and 2 period (current clinical practice).

  Intervention: Device: Dry heat
• Active Comparator: Current clinical practice- Hihg pressure

  The standardized and approved CLSI GP41-A6 venipuncture guide has been established for clinical current practice so far. According to vein cannulation procedure CLSI GP41-A6, an elastic compressor will be applied (Synthetic rubber-latex compressor tape, UNIDIX®, Madrid, Spain) provided by the hospital.

  1 period (current clinical practice) and 2 period (high pressure) or 1 period (high pressure) and 2 period (current clinical practice).

  Intervention: Device: High pressure
• Active Comparator: Current clinical practice-Combination

  The standardized and approved CLSI GP41-A6 venipuncture guide has been established for clinical current practice so far. According to vein cannulation procedure CLSI GP41-A6, an elastic compressor will be applied (Synthetic rubber-latex compressor tape, UNIDIX®, Madrid, Spain) provided by the hospital.

  1 period (current clinical practice) and 2 period (combination of dry heat and high pressure) or 1 period (combination of dry heat and high pressure) and 2 period (current clinical practice).

  Intervention: Device: Combination of dry heat and high pressure

• de la Torre-Montero JC, Montealegre-Sanz M, Faraldo-Cabana A, Oliva-Pellicer B, García-Real I, Fenwick M, Marcos Cáceres E, Rivas-Eguía B, Vila-Borrajo C, Valles-Andrés J, Alonso-Gordoa T, García-Carrión C, Diaz-Rubio García E, Beneit-Montesinos JV. Venous International Assessment, VIA scale, validated classification procedure for the peripheral venous system. J Vasc Access. 2014 Jan-Feb;15(1):45-50. doi: 10.5301/jva.5000173. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
• Eilers S, Bach DQ, Gaber R, Blatt H, Guevara Y, Nitsche K, Kundu RV, Robinson JK. Accuracy of self-report in assessing Fitzpatrick skin phototypes I through VI. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Nov;149(11):1289-94. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.6101.
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• Fink RM, Hjort E, Wenger B, Cook PF, Cunningham M, Orf A, Pare W, Zwink J. The impact of dry versus moist heat on peripheral IV catheter insertion in a hematology-oncology outpatient population. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009 Jul;36(4):E198-204. doi: 10.1188/09.ONF.E198-E204.
• Yamagami Y, Tomita K, Tsujimoto T, Inoue T. Tourniquet application after local forearm warming to improve venodilation for peripheral intravenous cannulation in young and middle-aged adults: A single-blind prospective randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2017 Jul;72:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.03.009. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
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• Shah JS, Soon PS, Marsh DJ. Comparison of Methodologies to Detect Low Levels of Hemolysis in Serum for Accurate Assessment of Serum microRNAs. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 7;11(4):e0153200. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153200. eCollection 2016.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed the informed consent form for bioequivalence study
• Signed the informed consent form for this clinical trial
• Fluid intake of participants was limited to a volume equal to or less than 500 ml
• Participants fasted 6-8 hours before venous cannulation
• Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5-29.9
• Vein perception by Venous International Assessment (VIA) scale between 5 to 2 grade.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Grade one in VIA scale
• Smokers
• BMI lower than 18.5 or equivalent or higher than 30
• Subjects who had any disease,
• Blood test, urinalysis, physical examination or electrocardiogram showing disorders with clinical relevance
• Subjects receiving treatment for anything apart from contraceptives.
• Gluten, lactose intolerance, vegetarian or vegan subjects for bioequivalence subjects.