• 2-year overall survival [ Time Frame: From date of randomization until the date of death from any cause or the date of last follow-up, whichever came first, assessed up to 24 months ]
  The 2-year overall survival of the whole group
• 2-year disease-free survival [ Time Frame: From date of surgery until the date of death from any cause or the date of first documented disease progression whichever came first, assessed up to 24 months. ]
  The 2-year disease-free survival of the whole group
• Incidence of Treatment-related Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v4.0 [ Time Frame: From the enrollment to the date of surgery ]
  The neoadjuvant treatment-related adverse events
• R0 resection rate [ Time Frame: Three working days after surgery ]
  The R0 resection rate of esophagectomy
• Perioperative complication rate [ Time Frame: From date of surgery to 30 days later ]
  The perioperative complication rate of esophagectomy
• Perioperative mortality [ Time Frame: From date of surgery to 30 days later ]
  The perioperative mortality of esophagectomy

• Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by AJCC V8 Stage
• Resectable Esophageal Cancer

• Drug: Toripalimab
  Patients received toripalimab 240 mg IVDRIP on days 1 and 22 during neoadjuvant radiotherapy.
  Other Name: JS-001
• Drug: Paclitaxel/cisplatin
  Patients received 4 cycles of paclitaxel/cisplatin (paclitaxel 50mg/m2 and cisplatin 25 mg/m2) on days 1, 8, 15, 22 during neoadjuvant radiotherapy.
  Other Name: TP
• Radiation: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy
  All patients received external-beam radiation using intensity-modulated radiotherapy. The prescribed dose is 44 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks.
  Other Name: IMRT
• Procedure: Esophagectomy
  A transthoracic (Ivor-Lewis) esophagectomy is performed 6-8 weeks after CRT completion.

• Yang H, Liu H, Chen Y, Zhu C, Fang W, Yu Z, Mao W, Xiang J, Han Y, Chen Z, Yang H, Wang J, Pang Q, Zheng X, Yang H, Li T, Lordick F, D'Journo XB, Cerfolio RJ, Korst RJ, Novoa NM, Swanson SJ, Brunelli A, Ismail M, Fernando HC, Zhang X, Li Q, Wang G, Chen B, Mao T, Kong M, Guo X, Lin T, Liu M, Fu J; AME Thoracic Surgery Collaborative Group. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy Followed by Surgery Versus Surgery Alone for Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus (NEOCRTEC5010): A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 20;36(27):2796-2803. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.79.1483. Epub 2018 Aug 8.
• Fu J, Wang F, Dong LH, Zhang J, Deng CL, Wang XL, Xie XY, Zhang J, Deng RX, Zhang LB, Wu H, Feng H, Chen B, Song HF. Preclinical evaluation of the efficacy, pharmacokinetics and immunogenicity of JS-001, a programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017 May;38(5):710-718. doi: 10.1038/aps.2016.161. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
• Tang B, Yan X, Sheng X, Si L, Cui C, Kong Y, Mao L, Lian B, Bai X, Wang X, Li S, Zhou L, Yu J, Dai J, Wang K, Hu J, Dong L, Song H, Wu H, Feng H, Yao S, Chi Z, Guo J. Safety and clinical activity with an anti-PD-1 antibody JS001 in advanced melanoma or urologic cancer patients. J Hematol Oncol. 2019 Jan 14;12(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13045-018-0693-2.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. A histopathological diagnosis of resectable thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with a pre-treatment clinical stage of T1-4aN1-3M0 or T3-4aN0M0 according to the 8th edition of the UICC staging system;
2. Patients who are anti-tumor treatment-naive;
3. Estimated life expectancy >6 months
4. Aged 18 to 70 years old of either gender
5. The function of important organs meets the following requirements: a. white blood cell count (WBC) ≥ 4.0×109/L, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5×109/L; b. platelets ≥ 100×109/L; c. hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL; d. serum albumin ≥ 2.8g/dL; e. total bilirubin ≤ 1.5×ULN, ALT, AST and/or AKP ≤ 2.5×ULN; f. serum creatinine ≤ 1.5×ULN or creatinine clearance rate >60 mL/min;
6. PS score of 0-1;
7. Ability to understand the study and sign informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who have been treated previously with anti-tumor therapy (including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, immunotherapy, etc.);
2. Known or suspected allergy or hypersensitivity to monoclonal antibodies, any ingredients of Toripalimab, and the chemotherapeutic drugs paclitaxel or cisplatin;
3. Patients who have a preexisting or coexisting bleeding disorder;
4. Other uncontrollable inoperable patients;
5. Female patients who are pregnant or lactating;
6. Inability to provide informed consent due to psychological, familial, social and other factors;
7. Presence of CTC grade ≥ 3 peripheral neuropathy;
8. A history of malignancies other than esophageal cancer before enrollment, excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, or cured early prostate cancer
9. A history of diabetes for more than 10 years and poorly controlled blood glucose levels;
10. Patients who cannot tolerate chemoradiotherapy or surgery due to severe cardiac, lung, liver or kidney dysfunction, or hematopoietic disease or cachexia.
11. Active autoimmune diseases, a history of autoimmune diseases (including but not limited to these diseases or syndromes, such as colitis, hepatitis, hyperthyroidism), a history of immunodeficiency (including a positive HIV test result), or other acquired or congenital immunodeficiency diseases, a history of organ transplantation or allogeneic bone marrow transplantation;
12. A history of interstitial lung disease or non-infectious pneumonia;
13. A history of active pulmonary tuberculosis infection within 1 year or a history of active pulmonary tuberculosis infection more than 1 year ago but without formal anti-tuberculosis treatment;
14. Presence of active hepatitis B (HBV DNA ≥ 2000 IU/mL or 104 copies/mL), hepatitis C (positive for hepatitis C antibody, and HCV-RNA levels higher than the lower limit of the assay).