• Sensitivity of urinalysis by UCAD analysis [ Time Frame: Up to 1 years ]
  Number of patients "declared positive" with the UCAD test among the patients suffered from urothelial carcinoma.
• Specificity of urinalysis by UCAD analysis [ Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 12 months ]
  Number of patients "declared negative" with the UCAD test among the patients without cancer.

• Comparison of the sensitivity of the UCAD analysis versus urine cytology [ Time Frame: Up to 1 years ]
  Number of patients "declared positive" with the UCAD analysis versus patients "declared positive" with the urine cytology.
• Comparison of the specificity of the UCAD analysis versus urine cytology [ Time Frame: Up to 1 years ]
  Number of patients "declared negative" with the UCAD analysis versus patients " declared negative " with the urine cytology.

• Identification of the correlation between the level of CIN and the grade of the tumor sample [ Time Frame: Up to 1 years ]
  Level of CIN in the urine sample compared with the grade of the tumor confirmed by histopathologic examination
• Identification of the correlation between the level of CIN and the stage of the tumor sample [ Time Frame: Up to 1 years ]
  Level of CIN in the urine sample compared with the stage of the tumor confirmed by histopathologic examination.

CIN results from errors in chromosome segregation during mitosis, leading to structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities. It will generate genomic heterogeneity that acts as a substrate for natural selection. Furthermore, it is proved that tumors with aneuploidies and polyploidy resulting from whole-genome doubling are related with metastasis, treatment resistance, and decreased overall survival. It is estimated that 60%-80% of human tumors exhibit chromosomal abnormalities suggestive of CIN. CIN positively correlates with tumor stage and is enriched in relapsed as well as metastatic tumor specimens. Due to the ubiquity of CIN in cancer cells, it is a potentially non-invasive way to detect CIN in the urothelial cells from the urine sample for diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer patients. UCAD is a new method to detecting CIN in the DNA sample from patients, including extracting DNA from urine, analyzing DNA by low-coverage whole-genome sequencing, processing the data by bio-information techniques, and finally optimizing the management of bladder cancer patients.

The investigators intended to conduct a prospective study by analyzing urine samples from bladder cancer patients and control groups that without any tumor in the urinary system or other organs to compare the specificity and sensitivity of UCAD test for diagnosing urothelial carcinoma to other modalities, such as urine cytology or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

• Urothelial Carcinoma
• Diagnoses Disease
• Chromosomal Abnormality
• Urine Marking

• Urothelial carcinoma group
  Pre-surgery patients with urothelial carcinoma will be the experimental group to determine the sensitivity and specificity of UCAD analysis, the result will be compared with cytology and FISH.
  Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of urine exfoliated cells
• Non-cancer participants group
  Patients being treated for other diseases but without any tumor will provide a negative control to provide data for determining the sensitivity and specificity of UCAD analysis.
  Intervention: Diagnostic Test: Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of urine exfoliated cells

• Wadhwa N, Mathew BB, Jatawa SK, Tiwari A. Genetic instability in urinary bladder cancer: An evolving hallmark. J Postgrad Med. 2013 Oct-Dec;59(4):284-8. doi: 10.4103/0022-3859.123156. Review.
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• Liu H, He W, Wang B, Xu K, Han J, Zheng J, Ren J, Shao L, Bo S, Lu S, Lin T, Huang J. MALBAC-based chromosomal imbalance analysis: a novel technique enabling effective non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring of bladder cancer. BMC Cancer. 2018 Jun 15;18(1):659. doi: 10.1186/s12885-018-4571-7.
• Hieronymus H, Murali R, Tin A, Yadav K, Abida W, Moller H, Berney D, Scher H, Carver B, Scardino P, Schultz N, Taylor B, Vickers A, Cuzick J, Sawyers CL. Tumor copy number alteration burden is a pan-cancer prognostic factor associated with recurrence and death. Elife. 2018 Sep 4;7. pii: e37294. doi: 10.7554/eLife.37294.
• Zeng S, Ying Y, Xing N, Wang B, Qian Z, Zhou Z, Zhang Z, Xu W, Wang H, Dai L, Gao L, Zhou T, Ji J, Xu C. Noninvasive Detection of Urothelial Carcinoma by Cost-effective Low-coverage Whole-genome Sequencing from Urine-Exfoliated Cell DNA. Clin Cancer Res. 2020 Nov 1;26(21):5646-5654. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-0401. Epub 2020 Oct 9.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma and planned to undergo surgery.
• Participants without any tumor disease and willing to attend the study by providing morning urine.
• Male or female patients aged >= 18 years.
• Participants signed informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age under 18 years
• Individuals unwilling to sign the consent form or unwilling to provide morning urine for test or unwilling to provide the medical record.
• Individuals unwilling to participate in this trial.