• Number of Participants Needed for Feasibility [ Time Frame: One month ]
  The primary objectives is to assess the feasibility of adding these non-invasive sample collections to pre- and post-surgery visits the following outcomes (counts) will be gathered - (number eligible for trial, number that consent to participate, number that provide pre-surgery samples, number that provide post-surgery samples) using a 95% exact Clopper-Pearson confidence interval for each feasibility estimate.
• Pre-Surgery and Post-Surgery Metabolic Signatures [ Time Frame: One month post surgery ]
  Metabolic assessments will be taken before and after surgery of lung cancer biomarkers to examine a series of paired t-tests to determine which markers significantly change between the two time points for participants.
• Pre-Surgery and Post-Surgery Microbial Signatures [ Time Frame: One month post surgery ]
  Metabolic assessments will be taken before and after surgery of lung cancer biomarkers to examine a series of paired t-tests to determine which markers significantly change between the two time points for participants.

• Number of Participants Needed for Feasibility [ Time Frame: One month ]
  The primary objectives is to assess the feasibility of adding these non-invasive sample collections to pre- and post-surgery visits the following outcomes (counts) will be gathered - (number eligible for trial, number that consent to participate, number that provide pre-surgery samples, number that provide post-surgery samples) using a 95% exact Clopper-Pearson confidence interval for each feasibility estimate.
• Presence of Pre-Surgery and Post-Surgery Metabolic Signatures [ Time Frame: One month post surgery ]
  Metabolic assessments will be taken before and after surgery of lung cancer biomarkers to examine a series of paired t-tests to determine which markers significantly change between the two time points for participants.
• Presence of Pre-Surgery and Post-Surgery Microbial Signatures [ Time Frame: One month post surgery ]
  Metabolic assessments will be taken before and after surgery of lung cancer biomarkers to examine a series of paired t-tests to determine which markers significantly change between the two time points for participants.

• Identification of Lung Cancer Stage Specific Signatures [ Time Frame: One month post surgery ]
  For lung cancer examine whether pre-surgery, post-surgery or change from pre- to post- surgery metabolic or microbial measures are different depending on lung cancer stage. Consideration of the metabolic or microbial measures as outcomes and use a general linear models framework to see if lung cancer stage (included as a class variable, but then examined as an ordinal variable using a contrast statement in general linear model) is associated with any marker.
• Identification of Signatures Associated with Pulmonary Function [ Time Frame: One month post surgery ]
  For pulmonary function, the same approach as for lung cancer stage, except that pulmonary function will be considered as a continuous variable in the model. Pulmonary function can be examined at both time-points (pre- and post- surgery) thus we can examine the relationships between pulmonary function measures and biomarker measures at each time points (and the change in measures over time).

Primary Objective

• To evaluate the feasibility of adding non-invasive sample collections in the pre-surgical setting and at the post-surgery follow-up visit.
• To identify and assess metabolic and microbial signatures collected at pre- and post-surgery and determine which are indicative of lung cancer.

Secondary Objective

• To identify signatures which are associated with lung cancer stage.
• To identify signatures which are impacted by patient's pulmonary function status.

• Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
• Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Stage

• Other: Breath Collection
  Pre-surgery, two 500 ml of exhaled breath volatiles (EBV) in each of 4 collection tubes will be collected in 5-7 min of breathing
• Other: Saliva Collection
  Pre-surgery, 2 ml minimum of saliva will be collected into SalivaBio Passive Drool collection tubes
• Other: Blood Collection
  Pre-surgery, an optional 5 ml blood sample in each redtop and purple top vacutainer blood collection tube
• Other: Urine Collection
  Pre-surgery, 25 ml minimum of urine will be collected in sterile specimen containers
• Other: Tumor Collection
  During surgical tumor removal, a tumor tissue sample will be collected
• Other: Medical History Data Collection
  Medical history will be obtained from the patients charts to identify demographics (age, race, ethnicity, zip code), oncologic history (date of diagnosis and cancer type), and medical history of disease.

• Experimental: Female Participants
  45 female patients will be screened to participate.
  Interventions:

  • Other: Breath Collection
  • Other: Saliva Collection
  • Other: Blood Collection
  • Other: Urine Collection
  • Other: Tumor Collection
  • Other: Medical History Data Collection
• Experimental: Male Participants
  45 male patients will be screened to participate
  Interventions:

  • Other: Breath Collection
  • Other: Saliva Collection
  • Other: Blood Collection
  • Other: Urine Collection
  • Other: Tumor Collection
  • Other: Medical History Data Collection

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male and female patients age >18 years, of all racial and ethnic origins, with suspected nonsmall cell lung cancer stages I, II, and III, as evident through radiographic evidence and felt acceptable to undergo surgical resection.
• Patients who have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are have taken antibiotics within two weeks.
• Patients who are on continuous supplemental oxygen.
• Patients currently undergoing active treatment for other malignancies.
• Subjects who are unable or unwilling to provide consent.