• Phase 1: Foreseeable implementation barriers and supports as reported by YMCA trainers [ Time Frame: Pre-intervention (week 0) ]
  Prior to conducting the intervention, the investigators will conduct interviews to qualitatively explore YMCA trainers' perceptions of organizational or system factors that can potentially facilitate the adoption of M2M© in YMCAs and tailor the M2M© delivery plan accordingly (using open-ended questions).
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Process outcome #1:Enrollment Rate) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Enrollment rate: the number of participants screened / total enrolled
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Process outcome #2: Class Attendance) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Attendance to the exercise sessions: total number of sessions attended divided by the total 36 prescribed sessions
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Process outcome #3: Attrition Rate) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Attrition rate: number of participants that withdraw from the intervention
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Process outcome #4: Time to complete data collection) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Time to complete data collection: time in minutes required to complete data collection (average of both pre- and post-data collection visit times)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Process outcome #1: Technical difficulties with technology) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Technical difficulties with technology: Frequency of issues experienced by participants and trainers
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Resource outcome #2: Resources required by the YMCA) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Resources required by the YMCA: # of items purchased for a YMCA M2M class
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Management outcome #1: M2M fidelity between conditions) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  M2M fidelity between conditions: the frequency of times a deviation from the protocol was observed for both the YMCA and Teleexercise classes.
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Management outcome #2: Issues with data management) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1-12) ]
  Issues with data management: frequency of issues encountered
• Phase 3: Qualitative interview exploring stakeholders' perceptions of intervention implementation [ Time Frame: Post-Intervention (week 13) ]
  Focus group interviews will be conducted separately for each stakeholder group: all 54 participants, M2M© trainers, research assistants involved with technical support, and YMCA staff that were involved with the project. The semi-structured interviews will explore participants' perceptions regarding the intervention implementation process, resources, and management (using open-ended questions)

• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome #1: Physical Activity) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Physical Activity: measured via the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (total score and health-contribution score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome #2: Quality of life) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Quality of life: measured via the NIH PROMIS 10 Global Health Items (total score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome #3: Social participation) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Social participation: measured via the NIH PROMIS Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 4: Self-Efficacy) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Self-Efficacy: measured via the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (total score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 5: Outcome expectations) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Outcome expectations: measured via the Multidimensional Outcomes Expectations for Exercise Scale (total score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 6: Barriers) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Barriers to physical activity: measured via the Barriers in Physical Activity Questionnaire (total score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 7: Social support) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Social support: measured via the Social Provision Scale (total score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 8: Cardiorespiratory fitness) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Cardiorespiratory fitness: peak oxygen consumption (ml.kg-1.min-1)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 9: Hand-grip strength) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Cardiorespiratory fitness: peak hand-grip strength (Newtons; both hands)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 10: Lower extremity function) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Lower extremity function: measured via the Short Physical Performance Battery (total score)
• Phase 2: Quantitative feasibility metric (Scientific outcome # 11: Lower extremity function) [ Time Frame: Intervention (weeks 1 and 12) ]
  Lower extremity function: measured via the Timed Up and Go (total score)

There will be 4 phases to this study. In phase 1, the investigators will explore potential barriers and supports that may affect the delivery of M2M© at one YMCA facility through one-on-one interviews with YMCA staff that have been trained to conduct M2M©.

Phase 2 will include a quantitative monitoring phase. During this phase the 2 delivery mechanisms of M2M© (Y-M2M© and B-M2M©) will be evaluated through assessments of quantitative feasibility metrics before, during, and after the intervention. The intervention will include a convenient sample of 54 participants.

To expand on the findings from the previous quantitative phase, phase 3 will include post-intervention focus group interviews conducted separately for each stakeholder group: all 54 participants, M2M© trainers, research assistants involved with technical support, and YMCA staff that were involved with the project.

During phase 4 (the integrative phase), the researchers will compile the quantitative and qualitative findings for the three primary feasibility metrics (process, resource, and management). These findings will then be comprehensively analyzed by a review panel that will provide suggestions for improvement within each metric. The panel will then discuss the summative findings and vote towards acceptable or not acceptable feasibility.

The 12-week Y-M2M© intervention will be pilot tested at one YMCA facility in Birmingham, AL.The B-M2M© group will be provided with the flexibility of attending the same onsite classes at the YMCA facility as participants in the Y-M2M© group and will also be able to participate in group M2M© teleexercise classes at home that are conducted through Internet video conferencing.

The investigators will use a permuted block randomization design to ensure close balance between the arms across waves and to increase the unpredictability in the upcoming assignment and prevent inadvertent bias. The project statistician will generate the randomization list that will be provided to the project coordinator in sealed envelopes to conceal the allocation. Assessors (health and function assessments done at Lakeshore Foundation) will be blinded to participant assignment and allocation of the arm assignment will not be done until baseline testing and measures are collected.

Primary quantitative outcomes will include those related to process, resources, and management. In summary, these metrics will include measures of adherence, issues that arise with implementation and the efficiency to which they are resolved, and intervention fidelity between the delivery sites. Secondary quantitative outcomes will include estimates of variability in scientific outcomes (physical activity; quality of life; social participation; fitness Measures (cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lower extremity function; social cognitive theory constructs [Self-efficacy, Outcome expectations, Barriers, Social support]).

• Exercise
• Disability Physical

• Other: Y-M2M©
  The Y-M2M© group will receive classes that will be delivered onsite at a YMCA facility. Movement-to-Music (M2M©) is an instructor-guided exercise program that is coupled with music to enhance strength, cardiorespiratory capacity, range of motion, and balance.
• Other: B-M2M©
  The B-M2M© group will receive the same onsite M2M© classes as the Y-M2M© group, but they will also be provided with the option of performing home-based M2M© that will be delivered via videoconferencing.

• Experimental: Y-M2M©
  a group-based M2M© program conducted onsite at a local YMCA
  Intervention: Other: Y-M2M©
• Experimental: B-M2M©
  a blended program that provides Y-M2M© and a home-based M2M© via videoconferencing
  Interventions:

  • Other: Y-M2M©
  • Other: B-M2M©

Inclusion Criteria:

1. primary diagnosis of head injury, stroke, MS, spinal cord injury, spina bifida, Parkinson's disease or cerebral palsy conferred by a physician and fits one of the three functional mobility groups (Groups I-III);
2. between the ages of 19 to 70 yrs.;
3. physician clearance to participate;
4. willing to participate in an exercise program 3 times per week;
5. conversant in and reads English.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. participated in a similar intervention in the last 6 months;
2. use of tobacco products in the last 6 months;
3. cognitive impairment;
4. active pressure ulcer;
5. any contraindications to exercise based on the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines;
6. visual acuity that prevents following a group exercise class;
7. significant hearing impairment impeding ability to hear music to engage in exercise.