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出境医 / 临床实验 / Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Following PRP for Chronic Whiplash

Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Following PRP for Chronic Whiplash

Study Description
Brief Summary:

The investigators will explore a standardized and previously published evidence-based conservative multimodal physiotherapy treatment fulfilling clinical practice guidelines in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) with facet-mediated pain (appropriate response to dual medial branch blocks) undergoing cervical facet joint Plasma-Rich Platelet (PRPt) and compare health outcomes to individuals' undergoing cervical facet joint PRP with usual care (PRPu), which consists of advice, supervised home exercise and pharmacological management for treatment of residual pain. To be clear, the investigators are not investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of cervical facet joint PRP - these individuals have already consented to proceed with PRP treatment. The investigators are evaluating the role of adjuvant conservative multimodal physiotherapy treatment. It must be noted that these patients have previously failed to respond to conservative physiotherapy. The investigators will use a design which is quite novel in physiotherapy, Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs). In contrast to an experimental group design in which one group is compared with another, participants in single-subject research provide their own control data for the purpose of comparison in a within-subject rather than a between-subjects design. SCEDs provide a method to determine response and benefit for every individual patient.

Therefore, the investigators will assess effectiveness of conservative multimodal physiotherapy for chronic WAD with facet-mediated pain undergoing cervical facet joint PRP, using patients as their own control, in a multiple baseline design.


Condition or disease Intervention/treatment Phase
Whiplash Injuries Neck Injuries Platelet Rich Plasma Other: Multimodal physiotherapy Not Applicable

Detailed Description:

This will be a single case with randomized multiple baseline experimental design with enrolment of 3 patients undergoing PRPt, and 3 patients undergoing PRPu following PRP. There will be a variable length baseline (A1) and then a staggered start to provide internal validity - one patient starting at 5 days (post-PRP), one at 8 (post-PRP) and one at 11 days post-PRP, randomly allocated. This study will utilise an A1-B-A2 design: a baseline (A1 no intervention); intervention phase (B); and a no intervention (A2 follow up).

Primary outcome measures will be collected daily during this time period. The baseline phase will be followed by a 6-week intervention period (B). Participants will have 10 one hour sessions over a 6-week period. The intervention will be delivered by an experienced physiotherapist with postgraduate qualifications. During the intervention period, once or twice per week the daily collection of the primary outcome measures will coincide with the delivery of each intervention session. The intervention phase will be followed by a 12-week follow-up phase (A2) where participants will have no contact with the intervention personnel. This follow-up phase is implemented in order to determine the possible duration of improvement post intervention. All outcome measures will be collected at the completion of this 12-week follow-up period.

Secondary outcome measures for generalisation purposes will be collected prior to commencing PRP, at the end of the intervention period (which coincides with the commencement of the no-intervention period), and at the end of the no-intervention period; totalling 3 sampling points throughout the study duration.

Study Design
Layout table for study information
Study Type : Interventional  (Clinical Trial)
Estimated Enrollment : 6 participants
Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
Intervention Model Description: A Single Case Experimental Design (SCED) will be used to evaluate the intervention. Participants act as their own controls, and thus are exposed to both the treatment and control conditions. The study will be conducted and reported according to the Singe Case Reporting guidelines in BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE). A randomised, concurrent, multiple-baseline A1 (baseline control) - B (intervention)-A2 (follow-up withdrawal) design will be used to meet the methodological recommendations for SCEDs. Participants will be randomly allocated to a 5, 8 or 11 day baseline period during which they will undertake their usual activities. The baseline phase will be followed by a 6-week intervention period during which participants will participate in 10, one hour sessions with an experienced post-graduate trained physiotherapist. The intervention phase will be followed by a 12-week follow-up phase where participants will have no contact with the intervention personnel.
Masking: Single (Participant)
Masking Description: Participant is not made aware of intervention arm - treat as usual or physiotherapy. Radiologist providing PRP tells participant to refrain from treatment for 6-weeks, or to immediately commence physiotherapy.
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Official Title: Effectiveness of Conservative Multimodal Physiotherapy in Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders With Facet-mediated Pain Undergoing Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Treatment: a Series of Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs).
Actual Study Start Date : March 4, 2019
Estimated Primary Completion Date : December 2020
Estimated Study Completion Date : March 2021
Arms and Interventions
Arm Intervention/treatment
Experimental: Physiotherapy (PRPt)
The 6-week exercise program (2 sessions in each of weeks 1-4 and 1 session in each of weeks 5 and 6) will comprise specific individually-tailored exercises to improve the movement and control of the neck and shoulder girdle. The exercises will be of a low load nature and designed to be pain free. At the same time, the physiotherapist will provide pragmatic multimodal physiotherapy to facilitate ability to pursue exercises and guide the participant's return to normal activities. This specific treatment program has been described in detail (Jull et al., 2008; Ritchie et al., 2015b) and focuses on activating and improving the coordination and endurance capacity of the neck flexor, extensor and scapular muscles in specific exercises and functional tasks. Participants will also perform the exercises at home, once per day. Written and illustrated exercise instructions will be provided. The exercise program follows Australian guidelines for the management of chronic whiplash (TRACsa, 2008).
 Other: Multimodal physiotherapy
Participants will undertake their usual activities for the 5, 8 or 11 day baseline period following PRP. Participants will begin the 6 week intervention period following this period during which time they will participate in 10 sessions with an experienced postgraduate physiotherapist. After these 6-weeks, participants will have no contact with intervention personnel during the 6-week follow-up period.
No Intervention: Wait and See (PRPu)

Individuals randomized to usual care will be provided with an advice booklet Whiplash Injury Recovery: A Self Help Guide (MAIC, Qld, 2nd edition). It provides information about whiplash; assurance about prognosis; advice to stay active and resume working as well as information on correct posture; pictorial descriptions of specific exercises for the neck and upper limbs and information on resuming functional daily activities. The booklet is based on the recommendations of the current Australian Guidelines for Whiplash Management (SIRA, 2014).

Usual care involves a 'wait and see' approach (in combination with provision of home exercises) and will include weekly review appointments with a medical doctor, primarily to review the information in the booklet and progress the 'general' exercises and activity recommendations within the booklet. No hands-on physiotherapy will be provided. Education regarding PRP and associated healing cycles will also be provided during this time period.
Outcome Measures
Primary Outcome Measures :
  1. Pain, Enjoyment of Life and General Activity (PEG) [ Time Frame: 12 weeks ]
    PEG measures average neck pain intensity (P), interference with enjoyment of life (E), and interference with general activity (G) on the continuous numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10 during the last 24 hours (Krebs et al., 2009).

  2. Self-efficacy whilst performing daily activities in chronic WAD. [ Time Frame: 12 weeks ]
    This question will ask participants to identify "how confident are you in your ability to perform your daily tasks in the presence of your neck pain or disability?" with 1 indicating not at all confident; 2 indicating a little confident 3 indicating moderately confident; 4 very confident and 5 indicating extremely confident.


Secondary Outcome Measures :
  1. Neck Disability Index (NDI) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    The NDI is a reliable and responsive measure of neck pain related disability, validated for use with individuals following whiplash injury (Vernon & Mior, 1991). The 10-item questionnaire includes activities of daily living that may be affected by neck pain. A percentage score will be calculated from the 0-5 Likert scored response to each question.

  2. Patient Global Impression of Change (-3 to +3 scale) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    This is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the patient's condition has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention. +/- 3 relates to Very Much Improved/Worse; +/- 2 to Much Improved/Worse; +/-1 Minimally Improved/Worse

  3. Depression & Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    The DASS-21 consists of 21 questions, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. It consists of 3 subscales: Depressive, Anxiety and Stress symptoms. Each question is Likert scored (0-3). The sum of the relevant 7 items for each subscale constitute the participants' scores for each subscale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995).

  4. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    This scale is a 13-item scale to evaluate catastrophic thinking about pain. It is Likert scored (1-4).

  5. Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form (SF-12) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    This survey measures health related quality of life. The SF-12 contains 12 questions relating to the domains physical functioning; role limitations because of physical health problems; bodily pain; general health perceptions; vitality (energy/fatigue); social functioning; role limitations because of emotional problems; and general mental health (psychological distress and psychological well-being). Physical and mental component summary scores are computed using the 12 questions and range from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health) (Ware et al, 1996).


Eligibility Criteria
Layout table for eligibility information
Ages Eligible for Study:   18 Years to 55 Years   (Adult)
Sexes Eligible for Study:   All
Accepts Healthy Volunteers:   No
Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with Grade II Whiplash Associated Disorder with > 80% relief of familiar neck pain after dual medial branch blocks
  • > 12 weeks since injury and failed to respond to previous (> 6 weeks) conservative treatment
  • Neck pain on numerical pain rating scale ≥ 4/10
  • Neck Disability Index > 28%

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of dizziness symptoms
  • Known or suspected serious spinal pathology (e.g. metastatic disease of the spine);
  • Confirmed fracture or dislocation at time of injury (i.e., WAD Grade IV)
  • Nerve root compromise (i.e., WAD Grade III)
  • Spinal surgery in the past 12 months; and
  • History of any mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety, PTSD or severe depression
  • Inability to stop taking anti-inflammatory medications for 3-days prior to, or 10-days following PRP
  • Unable to understand +/- complete validated questionnaire items in English
Contacts and Locations

Contacts
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Contact: Ashley Smith, PhD 825-994-2294 ashley.smith@griffith.edu.au

Locations
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Canada, Alberta
Evidence Sport & Spinal Therapy Recruiting
Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T3B 4N2
Contact: Kim Phair    403 210 9969    kim.phair@evidencesportandspinal.com   
Sub-Investigator: Geoff Schneider, PhD         
Sub-Investigator: Arun Gupta, MD         
Sub-Investigator: Jacqueline Stone, MD         
Sponsors and Collaborators
University of Calgary
Investigators
Layout table for investigator information
Principal Investigator: Ashley Smith, PhD University of Calgary
Tracking Information
First Submitted Date  ICMJE April 11, 2019
First Posted Date  ICMJE May 14, 2019
Last Update Posted Date March 25, 2020
Actual Study Start Date  ICMJE March 4, 2019
Estimated Primary Completion Date December 2020   (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Current Primary Outcome Measures  ICMJE
 (submitted: May 13, 2019)
  • Pain, Enjoyment of Life and General Activity (PEG) [ Time Frame: 12 weeks ]
    PEG measures average neck pain intensity (P), interference with enjoyment of life (E), and interference with general activity (G) on the continuous numeric rating scale (NRS) of 0 to 10 during the last 24 hours (Krebs et al., 2009).
  • Self-efficacy whilst performing daily activities in chronic WAD. [ Time Frame: 12 weeks ]
    This question will ask participants to identify "how confident are you in your ability to perform your daily tasks in the presence of your neck pain or disability?" with 1 indicating not at all confident; 2 indicating a little confident 3 indicating moderately confident; 4 very confident and 5 indicating extremely confident.
Original Primary Outcome Measures  ICMJE Same as current
Change History
Current Secondary Outcome Measures  ICMJE
 (submitted: May 13, 2019)
  • Neck Disability Index (NDI) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    The NDI is a reliable and responsive measure of neck pain related disability, validated for use with individuals following whiplash injury (Vernon & Mior, 1991). The 10-item questionnaire includes activities of daily living that may be affected by neck pain. A percentage score will be calculated from the 0-5 Likert scored response to each question.
  • Patient Global Impression of Change (-3 to +3 scale) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    This is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to assess how much the patient's condition has improved or worsened relative to a baseline state at the beginning of the intervention. +/- 3 relates to Very Much Improved/Worse; +/- 2 to Much Improved/Worse; +/-1 Minimally Improved/Worse
  • Depression & Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    The DASS-21 consists of 21 questions, each reflecting a negative emotional symptom. It consists of 3 subscales: Depressive, Anxiety and Stress symptoms. Each question is Likert scored (0-3). The sum of the relevant 7 items for each subscale constitute the participants' scores for each subscale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995).
  • The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    This scale is a 13-item scale to evaluate catastrophic thinking about pain. It is Likert scored (1-4).
  • Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form (SF-12) [ Time Frame: Up to 11 days + 12 weeks ]
    This survey measures health related quality of life. The SF-12 contains 12 questions relating to the domains physical functioning; role limitations because of physical health problems; bodily pain; general health perceptions; vitality (energy/fatigue); social functioning; role limitations because of emotional problems; and general mental health (psychological distress and psychological well-being). Physical and mental component summary scores are computed using the 12 questions and range from 0 (lowest level of health) to 100 (highest level of health) (Ware et al, 1996).
Original Secondary Outcome Measures  ICMJE Same as current
Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures Not Provided
Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures Not Provided
 
Descriptive Information
Brief Title  ICMJE Effectiveness of Physiotherapy Following PRP for Chronic Whiplash
Official Title  ICMJE Effectiveness of Conservative Multimodal Physiotherapy in Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders With Facet-mediated Pain Undergoing Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Treatment: a Series of Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs).
Brief Summary

The investigators will explore a standardized and previously published evidence-based conservative multimodal physiotherapy treatment fulfilling clinical practice guidelines in individuals with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) with facet-mediated pain (appropriate response to dual medial branch blocks) undergoing cervical facet joint Plasma-Rich Platelet (PRPt) and compare health outcomes to individuals' undergoing cervical facet joint PRP with usual care (PRPu), which consists of advice, supervised home exercise and pharmacological management for treatment of residual pain. To be clear, the investigators are not investigating the efficacy or effectiveness of cervical facet joint PRP - these individuals have already consented to proceed with PRP treatment. The investigators are evaluating the role of adjuvant conservative multimodal physiotherapy treatment. It must be noted that these patients have previously failed to respond to conservative physiotherapy. The investigators will use a design which is quite novel in physiotherapy, Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs). In contrast to an experimental group design in which one group is compared with another, participants in single-subject research provide their own control data for the purpose of comparison in a within-subject rather than a between-subjects design. SCEDs provide a method to determine response and benefit for every individual patient.

Therefore, the investigators will assess effectiveness of conservative multimodal physiotherapy for chronic WAD with facet-mediated pain undergoing cervical facet joint PRP, using patients as their own control, in a multiple baseline design.
Detailed Description

This will be a single case with randomized multiple baseline experimental design with enrolment of 3 patients undergoing PRPt, and 3 patients undergoing PRPu following PRP. There will be a variable length baseline (A1) and then a staggered start to provide internal validity - one patient starting at 5 days (post-PRP), one at 8 (post-PRP) and one at 11 days post-PRP, randomly allocated. This study will utilise an A1-B-A2 design: a baseline (A1 no intervention); intervention phase (B); and a no intervention (A2 follow up).

Primary outcome measures will be collected daily during this time period. The baseline phase will be followed by a 6-week intervention period (B). Participants will have 10 one hour sessions over a 6-week period. The intervention will be delivered by an experienced physiotherapist with postgraduate qualifications. During the intervention period, once or twice per week the daily collection of the primary outcome measures will coincide with the delivery of each intervention session. The intervention phase will be followed by a 12-week follow-up phase (A2) where participants will have no contact with the intervention personnel. This follow-up phase is implemented in order to determine the possible duration of improvement post intervention. All outcome measures will be collected at the completion of this 12-week follow-up period.

Secondary outcome measures for generalisation purposes will be collected prior to commencing PRP, at the end of the intervention period (which coincides with the commencement of the no-intervention period), and at the end of the no-intervention period; totalling 3 sampling points throughout the study duration.
Study Type  ICMJE Interventional
Study Phase  ICMJE Not Applicable
Study Design  ICMJE Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Sequential Assignment
Intervention Model Description:
A Single Case Experimental Design (SCED) will be used to evaluate the intervention. Participants act as their own controls, and thus are exposed to both the treatment and control conditions. The study will be conducted and reported according to the Singe Case Reporting guidelines in BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE). A randomised, concurrent, multiple-baseline A1 (baseline control) - B (intervention)-A2 (follow-up withdrawal) design will be used to meet the methodological recommendations for SCEDs. Participants will be randomly allocated to a 5, 8 or 11 day baseline period during which they will undertake their usual activities. The baseline phase will be followed by a 6-week intervention period during which participants will participate in 10, one hour sessions with an experienced post-graduate trained physiotherapist. The intervention phase will be followed by a 12-week follow-up phase where participants will have no contact with the intervention personnel.
Masking: Single (Participant)
Masking Description:
Participant is not made aware of intervention arm - treat as usual or physiotherapy. Radiologist providing PRP tells participant to refrain from treatment for 6-weeks, or to immediately commence physiotherapy.
Primary Purpose: Treatment
Condition  ICMJE
  • Whiplash Injuries
  • Neck Injuries
  • Platelet Rich Plasma
Intervention  ICMJE Other: Multimodal physiotherapy
Participants will undertake their usual activities for the 5, 8 or 11 day baseline period following PRP. Participants will begin the 6 week intervention period following this period during which time they will participate in 10 sessions with an experienced postgraduate physiotherapist. After these 6-weeks, participants will have no contact with intervention personnel during the 6-week follow-up period.
Study Arms  ICMJE
  • Experimental: Physiotherapy (PRPt)
    The 6-week exercise program (2 sessions in each of weeks 1-4 and 1 session in each of weeks 5 and 6) will comprise specific individually-tailored exercises to improve the movement and control of the neck and shoulder girdle. The exercises will be of a low load nature and designed to be pain free. At the same time, the physiotherapist will provide pragmatic multimodal physiotherapy to facilitate ability to pursue exercises and guide the participant's return to normal activities. This specific treatment program has been described in detail (Jull et al., 2008; Ritchie et al., 2015b) and focuses on activating and improving the coordination and endurance capacity of the neck flexor, extensor and scapular muscles in specific exercises and functional tasks. Participants will also perform the exercises at home, once per day. Written and illustrated exercise instructions will be provided. The exercise program follows Australian guidelines for the management of chronic whiplash (TRACsa, 2008).
    Intervention: Other: Multimodal physiotherapy
  • No Intervention: Wait and See (PRPu)

    Individuals randomized to usual care will be provided with an advice booklet Whiplash Injury Recovery: A Self Help Guide (MAIC, Qld, 2nd edition). It provides information about whiplash; assurance about prognosis; advice to stay active and resume working as well as information on correct posture; pictorial descriptions of specific exercises for the neck and upper limbs and information on resuming functional daily activities. The booklet is based on the recommendations of the current Australian Guidelines for Whiplash Management (SIRA, 2014).

    Usual care involves a 'wait and see' approach (in combination with provision of home exercises) and will include weekly review appointments with a medical doctor, primarily to review the information in the booklet and progress the 'general' exercises and activity recommendations within the booklet. No hands-on physiotherapy will be provided. Education regarding PRP and associated healing cycles will also be provided during this time period.
Publications *
  • Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Hogg-Johnson S, Côté P, Cassidy JD, Haldeman S, Nordin M, Hurwitz EL, Carragee EJ, van der Velde G, Peloso PM, Guzman J; Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD): results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 Suppl):S83-92. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181643eb8. Review.
  • Curatolo M, Bogduk N, Ivancic PC, McLean SA, Siegmund GP, Winkelstein BA. The role of tissue damage in whiplash-associated disorders: discussion paper 1. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011 Dec 1;36(25 Suppl):S309-15. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318238842a. Review.
  • Hurst H, Bolton J. Assessing the clinical significance of change scores recorded on subjective outcome measures. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2004 Jan;27(1):26-35.
  • Jull G, Sterling M, Kenardy J, Beller E. Does the presence of sensory hypersensitivity influence outcomes of physical rehabilitation for chronic whiplash?--A preliminary RCT. Pain. 2007 May;129(1-2):28-34. Epub 2007 Jan 10.
  • Kaneoka K, Ono K, Inami S, Hayashi K. Motion analysis of cervical vertebrae during whiplash loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999 Apr 15;24(8):763-9; discussion 770.
  • Krebs EE, Lorenz KA, Bair MJ, Damush TM, Wu J, Sutherland JM, Asch SM, Kroenke K. Development and initial validation of the PEG, a three-item scale assessing pain intensity and interference. J Gen Intern Med. 2009 Jun;24(6):733-8. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-0981-1. Epub 2009 May 6.
  • Lamb SE, Gates S, Williams MA, Williamson EM, Mt-Isa S, Withers EJ, Castelnuovo E, Smith J, Ashby D, Cooke MW, Petrou S, Underwood MR; Managing Injuries of the Neck Trial (MINT) Study Team. Emergency department treatments and physiotherapy for acute whiplash: a pragmatic, two-step, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2013 Feb 16;381(9866):546-56. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61304-X. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
  • Lillie EO, Patay B, Diamant J, Issell B, Topol EJ, Schork NJ. The n-of-1 clinical trial: the ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine? Per Med. 2011 Mar;8(2):161-173.
  • Lord SM, Barnsley L, Wallis BJ, Bogduk N. Chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash. A placebo-controlled prevalence study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996 Aug 1;21(15):1737-44; discussion 1744-5.
  • Lord SM, Barnsley L, Wallis BJ, McDonald GJ, Bogduk N. Percutaneous radio-frequency neurotomy for chronic cervical zygapophyseal-joint pain. N Engl J Med. 1996 Dec 5;335(23):1721-6.
  • McDonald GJ, Lord SM, Bogduk N. Long-term follow-up of patients treated with cervical radiofrequency neurotomy for chronic neck pain. Neurosurgery. 1999 Jul;45(1):61-7; discussion 67-8.
  • Michaleff ZA, Maher CG, Lin CW, Rebbeck T, Jull G, Latimer J, Connelly L, Sterling M. Comprehensive physiotherapy exercise programme or advice for chronic whiplash (PROMISE): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2014 Jul 12;384(9938):133-41. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60457-8. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
  • Nguyen RT, Borg-Stein J, McInnis K. Applications of platelet-rich plasma in musculoskeletal and sports medicine: an evidence-based approach. PM R. 2011 Mar;3(3):226-50. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.11.007. Review.
  • Quinn KP, Winkelstein BA. Detection of altered collagen fiber alignment in the cervical facet capsule after whiplash-like joint retraction. Ann Biomed Eng. 2011 Aug;39(8):2163-73. doi: 10.1007/s10439-011-0316-3. Epub 2011 May 3.
  • Ritchie C, Hendrikz J, Jull G, Elliott J, Sterling M. External validation of a clinical prediction rule to predict full recovery and ongoing moderate/severe disability following acute whiplash injury. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2015 Apr;45(4):242-50. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2015.5642.
  • Ritchie C, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J, Sterling M. Derivation of a clinical prediction rule to identify both chronic moderate/severe disability and full recovery following whiplash injury. Pain. 2013 Oct;154(10):2198-2206. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.07.001. Epub 2013 Jul 4.
  • Romeiser Logan L, Hickman RR, Harris SR, Heriza CB. Single-subject research design: recommendations for levels of evidence and quality rating. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2008 Feb;50(2):99-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.02005.x. Erratum in: Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Mar;51(3):247.
  • Sampson S, Gerhardt M, Mandelbaum B. Platelet rich plasma injection grafts for musculoskeletal injuries: a review. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2008 Dec;1(3-4):165-74. doi: 10.1007/s12178-008-9032-5.
  • Siegmund GP, Myers BS, Davis MB, Bohnet HF, Winkelstein BA. Mechanical evidence of cervical facet capsule injury during whiplash: a cadaveric study using combined shear, compression, and extension loading. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001 Oct 1;26(19):2095-101.
  • Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Dunne-Proctor R, Sterling M. Cervical radiofrequency neurotomy reduces psychological features in individuals with chronic whiplash symptoms. Pain Physician. 2014 May-Jun;17(3):265-74.
  • Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider GM, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Sterling M. Modulation of Cervical Facet Joint Nociception and Pain Attenuates Physical and Psychological Features of Chronic Whiplash: A Prospective Study. PM R. 2015 Sep;7(9):913-921. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.03.014. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
  • Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Sterling M. A comparison of physical and psychological features of responders and non-responders to cervical facet blocks in chronic whiplash. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2013 Nov 4;14:313. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-14-313.
  • Smith AD, Jull G, Schneider G, Frizzell B, Hooper RA, Sterling M. Cervical radiofrequency neurotomy reduces central hyperexcitability and improves neck movement in individuals with chronic whiplash. Pain Med. 2014 Jan;15(1):128-41. doi: 10.1111/pme.12262. Epub 2013 Oct 18.
  • Southerst D, Nordin MC, Côté P, Shearer HM, Varatharajan S, Yu H, Wong JJ, Sutton DA, Randhawa KA, van der Velde GM, Mior SA, Carroll LJ, Jacobs CL, Taylor-Vaisey AL. Is exercise effective for the management of neck pain and associated disorders or whiplash-associated disorders? A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration. Spine J. 2016 Dec;16(12):1503-1523. doi: 10.1016/j.spinee.2014.02.014. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
  • Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Validation of a head-neck computer model for whiplash simulation. Med Biol Eng Comput. 2004 May;42(3):333-8.
  • Sterling M. A proposed new classification system for whiplash associated disorders--implications for assessment and management. Man Ther. 2004 May;9(2):60-70. Review.
  • Sterling M. Differential development of sensory hypersensitivity and a measure of spinal cord hyperexcitability following whiplash injury. Pain. 2010 Sep;150(3):501-506. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.06.003. Epub 2010 Jul 1.
  • Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J. Compensation claim lodgement and health outcome developmental trajectories following whiplash injury: A prospective study. Pain. 2010 Jul;150(1):22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.013. Epub 2010 Mar 21.
  • Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J. Similar factors predict disability and posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories after whiplash injury. Pain. 2011 Jun;152(6):1272-1278. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.056. Epub 2011 Mar 10.
  • Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J, Kristjansson E, Dumas JP, Niere K, Cote J, deSerres S, Rivest K, Jull G. Assessment and validation of prognostic models for poor functional recovery 12 months after whiplash injury: a multicentre inception cohort study. Pain. 2012 Aug;153(8):1727-1734. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.05.004. Epub 2012 Jun 1.
  • Sterling M, Jull G, Kenardy J. Physical and psychological factors maintain long-term predictive capacity post-whiplash injury. Pain. 2006 May;122(1-2):102-8. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
  • Sterling M, Jull G, Vicenzino B, Kenardy J, Darnell R. Physical and psychological factors predict outcome following whiplash injury. Pain. 2005 Mar;114(1-2):141-8. Epub 2005 Jan 21.
  • Stewart MJ, Maher CG, Refshauge KM, Herbert RD, Bogduk N, Nicholas M. Randomized controlled trial of exercise for chronic whiplash-associated disorders. Pain. 2007 Mar;128(1-2):59-68. Epub 2006 Oct 9.
  • Tate RL, Perdices M, Rosenkoetter U, Shadish W, Vohra S, Barlow DH, Horner R, Kazdin A, Kratochwill T, McDonald S, Sampson M, Shamseer L, Togher L, Albin R, Backman C, Douglas J, Evans JJ, Gast D, Manolov R, Mitchell G, Nickels L, Nikles J, Ownsworth T, Rose M, Schmid CH, Wilson B. The Single-Case Reporting Guideline In BEhavioural Interventions (SCRIBE) 2016 Statement. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2017 Jan;27(1):1-15. Epub 2016 Aug 8.
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  • Teasell RW, McClure JA, Walton D, Pretty J, Salter K, Meyer M, Sequeira K, Death B. A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): part 4 - noninvasive interventions for chronic WAD. Pain Res Manag. 2010 Sep-Oct;15(5):313-22. Review.
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*   Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline.
 
Recruitment Information
Recruitment Status  ICMJE Unknown status
Estimated Enrollment  ICMJE
 (submitted: May 13, 2019) 		6
Original Estimated Enrollment  ICMJE Same as current
Estimated Study Completion Date  ICMJE March 2021
Estimated Primary Completion Date December 2020   (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
Eligibility Criteria  ICMJE

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Individuals with Grade II Whiplash Associated Disorder with > 80% relief of familiar neck pain after dual medial branch blocks
  • > 12 weeks since injury and failed to respond to previous (> 6 weeks) conservative treatment
  • Neck pain on numerical pain rating scale ≥ 4/10
  • Neck Disability Index > 28%

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of dizziness symptoms
  • Known or suspected serious spinal pathology (e.g. metastatic disease of the spine);
  • Confirmed fracture or dislocation at time of injury (i.e., WAD Grade IV)
  • Nerve root compromise (i.e., WAD Grade III)
  • Spinal surgery in the past 12 months; and
  • History of any mental health conditions such as bipolar disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia, anxiety, PTSD or severe depression
  • Inability to stop taking anti-inflammatory medications for 3-days prior to, or 10-days following PRP
  • Unable to understand +/- complete validated questionnaire items in English
Sex/Gender  ICMJE
Sexes Eligible for Study: All
Ages  ICMJE 18 Years to 55 Years   (Adult)
Accepts Healthy Volunteers  ICMJE No
Contacts  ICMJE Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects
Listed Location Countries  ICMJE Canada
Removed Location Countries  
 
Administrative Information
NCT Number  ICMJE NCT03949959
Other Study ID Numbers  ICMJE REB18-0724
Has Data Monitoring Committee No
U.S. FDA-regulated Product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Drug Product: No
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated Device Product: No
IPD Sharing Statement  ICMJE
Plan to Share IPD: No
Responsible Party University of Calgary
Study Sponsor  ICMJE University of Calgary
Collaborators  ICMJE Not Provided
Investigators  ICMJE
Principal Investigator: Ashley Smith, PhD University of Calgary
PRS Account University of Calgary
Verification Date March 2019

ICMJE     Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP

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