Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Osteoarthritis, Hip | Drug: isobaric bupivacaine Drug: hyperbaric bupivacaine Drug: isobaric mepivacaine | Phase 4 |
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Actual Enrollment : | 159 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Intervention Model Description: | Patients who agree to participate will then be randomized by a computer-generated sequence to one of the three study groups. Dosing will be as follows: isobaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 cc of 0.5%) for ≤ 74" height and 15 mg (3 cc) for > 74" height; hyperbaric bupivacaine 10.25 mg (1.5 cc 0.75%) for ≤ 74" height and 13.125 mg (1.75 cc) for > 74" height; and isobaric mepivacaine 52.5 mg (3.5 cc of 1.5%) for ≤ 74" height and 60 mg (4 cc) for > 74" height. |
Masking: | Double (Participant, Outcomes Assessor) |
Masking Description: | The anesthesiologist and certified registered nurse anesthetist or resident performing the spinal will be aware of group allocation and will perform spinal anesthesia according to standard operating procedures with the assigned local anesthetic. Patients will remain blinded and surgeons and those performing postoperative assessments will remain blinded as well. |
Primary Purpose: | Treatment |
Official Title: | A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of 3 Local Anesthetics for Spinal Anesthesia in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty to Compare the Percentage of Patients in Each Group With Early Ambulation |
Actual Study Start Date : | May 13, 2019 |
Actual Primary Completion Date : | November 11, 2019 |
Actual Study Completion Date : | November 11, 2019 |
Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Active Comparator: isobaric bupivacaine
Isobaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 cc of 0.5%) for ≤ 74" height and 15 mg (3 cc) for > 74" height
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Drug: isobaric bupivacaine
The anesthesiologist and CRNA or resident performing the spinal will perform spinal anesthesia according to standard operating procedures with the randomly assigned local anesthetic.
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Active Comparator: hyperbaric bupivacaine
hyperbaric bupivacaine 10.25 mg (1.5 cc 0.75%) for ≤ 74" height and 13.125 mg (1.75 cc) for > 74" height
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Drug: hyperbaric bupivacaine
TThe anesthesiologist and CRNA or resident performing the spinal will perform spinal anesthesia according to standard operating procedures with the randomly assigned local anesthetic.
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Active Comparator: isobaric mepivacaine
isobaric mepivacaine 52.5 mg (3.5 cc of 1.5%) for ≤ 74" height and 60 mg (4 cc) for > 74" height
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Drug: isobaric mepivacaine
The anesthesiologist and CRNA or resident performing the spinal will perform spinal anesthesia according to standard operating procedures with the randomly assigned local anesthetic.
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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years to 84 Years (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | No |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
United States, Pennsylvania | |
Rothman Orthopedic Specialty Hospital | |
Bensalem, Pennsylvania, United States, 19020 | |
Thomas Jefferson University Hospital | |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107 |
Principal Investigator: | Eric Schwenk, MD | Thomas Jefferson University |
Tracking Information | |||||||
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First Submitted Date ICMJE | May 8, 2019 | ||||||
First Posted Date ICMJE | May 13, 2019 | ||||||
Results First Submitted Date ICMJE | February 9, 2021 | ||||||
Results First Posted Date ICMJE | May 7, 2021 | ||||||
Last Update Posted Date | May 7, 2021 | ||||||
Actual Study Start Date ICMJE | May 13, 2019 | ||||||
Actual Primary Completion Date | November 11, 2019 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | ||||||
Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
Percentage Ambulating Early After Spinal Anesthesia [ Time Frame: 3.5 hours ] Is there a difference between isobaric mepivacaine, hyperbaric bupivacaine, and isobaric bupivacaine when used for spinal anesthesia in primary total hip replacement in percentage of patients that can ambulate within 3.5 hours after spinal anesthesia?
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Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
Percentage ambulating early after spinal anesthesia [ Time Frame: 3.5 hours ] Is there a difference between isobaric mepivacaine, hyperbaric bupivacaine, and isobaric bupivacaine when used for spinal anesthesia in primary total hip replacement in percentage of patients that can ambulate within 3.5 hours after spinal anesthesia.
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Change History | |||||||
Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | ||||||
Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | ||||||
Descriptive Information | |||||||
Brief Title ICMJE | 3 Local Anesthetics for Spinal Anesthesia in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty | ||||||
Official Title ICMJE | A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Trial of 3 Local Anesthetics for Spinal Anesthesia in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty to Compare the Percentage of Patients in Each Group With Early Ambulation | ||||||
Brief Summary | Spinal anesthesia is commonly utilized for hip replacement surgery. Different medications used for spinal anesthesia work for different lengths of time. This study will compare three different spinal anesthesia medications in patients having hip replacement surgery to see if patients are able to get out of bed and walk earlier after surgery with one medication versus the others. | ||||||
Detailed Description |
Total hip replacement is often performed under spinal anesthesia, which is the standard at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital (TJUH) and Rothman Orthopedic Specialty Hospital (ROSH) for patients without contraindications. Spinal anesthesia involves injecting a numbing medicine (local anesthetic) into the cerebrospinal fluid that bathes the spinal cord through a space between two bones in the back. This causes temporary numbness of the legs and hips and allows surgery to take place without patients feeling pain during surgery. Different local anesthetics can be used for spinal anesthesia and each works for a different duration of time. Another factor that affects how spinal anesthesia medications work is the baricity of the medication, which refers to how dense it is compared to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Medications that are less dense than CSF are hypobaric, those with same density are isobaric, and those with greater density are hyperbaric. For clinical purposes, this really only comes into play when positioning the patient immediately after spinal placement as patient position has different effects on the dermatomal level attained depending on baricity of the local anesthetic. Bupivacaine is a long-acting local anesthetic that has been used for several decades for total hip replacement. It is available in both hyperbaric form (with dextrose added) and isobaric form (with no dextrose added). Mepivacaine is another local anesthetic that has a shorter duration of action and is also used for spinal anesthesia in total hip replacement at many centers. All three drugs are used routinely at different centers in the United States. Despite the differences in duration that have been described from pharmacokinetic studies, a randomized, controlled study comparing the three drugs in terms of important outcomes, such as the ability to walk after surgery, has not been published yet. Therefore, the investigators want to compare the three local anesthetics in a randomized, controlled fashion to see if more patients are able to walk sooner after receiving mepivacaine spinal anesthesia than either form of bupivacaine spinal anesthesia. Patients who are eligible will be called the night prior to surgery and the study will be explained over the phone. Patients who express interest will be recruited on the day of their scheduled surgery in the short-procedure unit. Patients will be given consent forms and time to read them and ask questions. Preoperative Management All patients without contraindications or allergies will receive oral gabapentin and acetaminophen in the short procedure unit prior to surgery per routine practice. Intraoperative Management The targeted spinal dermatome level to achieve will be T10 (umbilicus). For isobaric drugs, patients will sit after spinal placement for 3-5 minutes to achieve this level. For hyperbaric bupivacaine, patients will be immediately placed supine and in Trendelenberg position for 3-5 minutes to achieve adequate level and confirmed with sensory pinprick testing, which will be performed every 2 minutes beginning at spinal placement time. After spinal is placed, sedation will be titrated at the discretion of the anesthesia team to achieve the American Society of Anesthesiology's definition of moderate sedation (purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation, spontaneous ventilation, and no airway intervention needed) using propofol. All patients will receive tranexamic acid unless contraindicated (10 mg/kg bolus), as well as multimodal analgesia with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and dexamethasone 4 mg IV per routine practice. Postoperative Management Sensory and motor assessments will take place every 30 minutes from PACU arrival time until motor strength is 5/5 in both lower extremities in hip flexion, knee extension, and toe dorsiflexion or the patient's motor function returns to baseline. The time of return of motor function will be documented. Physical therapists will visit the patient between 3 and 3.5 hours after spinal placement to assess for ability to ambulate and perform Tinnetti test, which assesses ambulation and gait and gives a score of 0 through 28 (see attached). Urinary retention will be assessed through asking the following on postoperative day 1:
These questions will be asked along with the following about TNS (transient neurological symptoms):
TNS will be defined as the new onset (within 24 hours of surgery) of back pain that radiates into the buttocks, thighs, hips, or distally. Localized back pain will not be included. Urinary retention will be defined by inability to urinate within 8 hours, a report of distended or painful bladder occurring on postoperative days 0 or 1, either by patient report or on assessment by nursing, or the use of a Foley catheter or straight catheter. Post-discharge phone calls The following will be asked to patients via phone calls after discharge at 24 and 48 hours after surgery if not still in the hospital (will be asked in-person otherwise):
Post-discharge data collection Readmissions within 90 days will be recorded for all patients including the reason for readmission. General Operating Procedures Patients who agree to participate will then be randomized by a computer-generated sequence to one of the three study groups. The anesthesiologist and certified registered nurse anesthetist or resident performing the spinal will be aware of group allocation and will perform spinal anesthesia according to standard operating procedures with the assigned local anesthetic. Intraoperative sedation will be with propofol or dexmedetomidine, at the discretion of the anesthesia team. Patients will remain blinded and surgeons and those performing postoperative assessments will remain blinded as well. As all study drugs are standard spinal anesthesia drugs and readily available, the anesthesia team caring for the patient will be informed of group allocation and the appropriate drug will be selected. These doses of hyperbaric and isobaric bupivacaine are considered "low dose" and are lower than those routinely used at TJUH and ROSH. However, existing evidence shows that low-dose bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia provides adequate anesthesia time for a total joint replacement. Dosing will be as follows: isobaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 cc of 0.5%) for < 74" height and 15 mg (3 cc) for > or = 74" height; hyperbaric bupivacaine 10.25 mg (1.5 cc 0.75%) for < 74" height and 13.125 mg (1.75 cc) for > or = 74" height; and isobaric mepivacaine 52.5 mg (3.5 cc of 1.5%) for < 74" height and 60 mg (4 cc) for > or = 74" height. Patients with BMI of 35 or greater will also be given the higher dose of each of the 3 medications listed above. Intraoperative variables that will be measured include: hypotension (defined as a decrease in baseline blood pressure of 20% or greater), surgeon rating of intraoperative muscle tension (0, 1, 2, or 3 where 0 is the most relaxed and 3 is the tightest), and conversion to general anesthesia. Postoperative variables that will be measured include: ambulation at 3-3.5 hours (primary endpoint), time to ambulation, attempts needed to ambulate, episodes of orthostatic hypotension while trying to ambulate, urinary retention, opioid consumption, pain, incidence of transient neurological symptoms up to 48 hours postoperatively, discharge readiness, and length of stay. Post-discharge phone calls The following will be asked to patients via phone calls after discharge on postoperative days 1 and 2 after surgery if not still in the hospital (will be asked in-person otherwise):
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Study Type ICMJE | Interventional | ||||||
Study Phase ICMJE | Phase 4 | ||||||
Study Design ICMJE | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Intervention Model Description: Patients who agree to participate will then be randomized by a computer-generated sequence to one of the three study groups. Dosing will be as follows: isobaric bupivacaine 12.5 mg (2.5 cc of 0.5%) for ≤ 74" height and 15 mg (3 cc) for > 74" height; hyperbaric bupivacaine 10.25 mg (1.5 cc 0.75%) for ≤ 74" height and 13.125 mg (1.75 cc) for > 74" height; and isobaric mepivacaine 52.5 mg (3.5 cc of 1.5%) for ≤ 74" height and 60 mg (4 cc) for > 74" height. Masking Description: The anesthesiologist and certified registered nurse anesthetist or resident performing the spinal will be aware of group allocation and will perform spinal anesthesia according to standard operating procedures with the assigned local anesthetic. Patients will remain blinded and surgeons and those performing postoperative assessments will remain blinded as well. |
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Condition ICMJE | Osteoarthritis, Hip | ||||||
Intervention ICMJE |
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Study Arms ICMJE |
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Publications * |
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* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline. |
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Recruitment Information | |||||||
Recruitment Status ICMJE | Completed | ||||||
Actual Enrollment ICMJE |
159 | ||||||
Original Estimated Enrollment ICMJE |
144 | ||||||
Actual Study Completion Date ICMJE | November 11, 2019 | ||||||
Actual Primary Completion Date | November 11, 2019 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | ||||||
Eligibility Criteria ICMJE |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Sex/Gender ICMJE |
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Ages ICMJE | 18 Years to 84 Years (Adult, Older Adult) | ||||||
Accepts Healthy Volunteers ICMJE | No | ||||||
Contacts ICMJE | Contact information is only displayed when the study is recruiting subjects | ||||||
Listed Location Countries ICMJE | United States | ||||||
Removed Location Countries | |||||||
Administrative Information | |||||||
NCT Number ICMJE | NCT03948386 | ||||||
Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE | 19D.299 | ||||||
Has Data Monitoring Committee | No | ||||||
U.S. FDA-regulated Product |
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IPD Sharing Statement ICMJE | Not Provided | ||||||
Responsible Party | Thomas Jefferson University | ||||||
Study Sponsor ICMJE | Thomas Jefferson University | ||||||
Collaborators ICMJE | Not Provided | ||||||
Investigators ICMJE |
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PRS Account | Thomas Jefferson University | ||||||
Verification Date | April 2021 | ||||||
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP |