• Progression-free survival (PFS) [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
  PFS of patients with advanced melanoma with genetic HR mutation/ alteration who are treated with niraparib
• overall survival (OS) [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
  OS of patients with advanced melanoma with genetic HR mutation/ alteration who are treated with niraparib
• Number of Participants With Adverse Events as a Measure of Safety and Tolerability [ Time Frame: 2 years ]
  Evaluation of the safety profile of niraparib treatment in patients with advanced melanoma with genetic homologous recombination (HR) mutation/ alteration

Treatment with PARP inhibitors could represent a novel opportunity to selectively kill a subset of cancer cells with deficiencies in DNA repair pathways. For example, a tumor arising in a patient with a germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAmut) has a defective homologous recombination DNA repair pathway and would be increasingly dependent on NHEJ, alt-NHEJ, and BER for maintenance of genomic integrity. PARP inhibitors block alt-NHEJ and BER, forcing tumors with BRCA deficiencies to use the error-prone NHEJ to fix double-strand breaks. Non-BRCA deficiencies in homologous recombination DNA repair genes could also enhance tumor cell sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. The rationale for anticancer activity in a subset of non-gBRCAmut tumors is that they share distinctive DNA repair defects with gBRCAmut carriers, a phenomenon broadly described as "BRCAness." DNA repair defects can be caused by germline or somatic alterations to the homologous recombination DNA repair pathway. Homologous recombination is a complex pathway, and several genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 are required either to sense or repair DNA double-strand breaks via the homologous recombination pathway. Therefore, PARP inhibitors are also selectively cytotoxic for cancer cells with deficiencies in DNA repair proteins other than BRCA1 and BRCA2.

In melanoma, genetic HR mutation/ alterations are rather common. Retrospective data showed that nearly 30.5% of cutaneous melanoma harbors a mutation in at least 1 of the HR genes in their tumor. The most commonly altered gene was ARID2, followed by ARID1A, FANCA, ATM, BRCA1, ATRX and BRCA2, ATR, BRCA1 and BRIP1.

These findings provide a strong rationale to evaluate the clinical efficacy of a PARP inhibitor in patients with advanced cancers with HR mutation/alteration or HR deficiency. Therefore, the investigators propose a phase II study of niraparib in patients with advanced melanoma with genetic homologous recombination mutation/ alteration.

In this clinical study, clinical efficacy of niraparib will be evaluated by assessing an objective clinical response rate in patients with advanced, metastatic melanoma with the homologous recombination (HR) pathway gene mutation / alteration. All participating patients will receive niraparib 300 mg a day until disease progresses or they experience intolerable toxicity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Have genetic homologous recombination (HR) mutation/ alteration including ARID1A/B, ARID2, ATM, ATR, ATRX, BARD1, BRCA1/2, BAP1, BRIP1, CHEK2, FANCD2, MRN11A, PALB2, RAD50, RAD51, RAD54B
• Disease must have progressed on the standard systemic therapies or they could not have tolerated the standard therapies.
• ECOG PS >/=1
• Have measurable metastatic disease according to RECIST 1.1
• Prior systemic cytotoxic therapy up to 1 regimens is allowed; There is no limit on the number of prior immunotherapy or targeted therapy regimens.
• All adverse events associated with prior treatment must have resolved to ≤ Grade 1 prior to day 1 of the study drug administration.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previously treated with a PARP inhibitor
• Symptomatic brain metastasis or active brain lesions ≥6 mm size or those
• Require steroid treatment for brain lesions or leptomeningeal disease
• Systemic cancer therapy within 14 days prior to day 1 of the study drug administration
• Any major surgery ≤ 3 weeks of starting the study and patient must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery
• Investigational therapy administered ≤ 4 weeks, or within a time interval less than at least 5 half-lives of the investigational
• Prior radiotherapy encompassing > 20% of the bone marrow within 2 weeks; or any radiation therapy within 1 week prior to Day 1 of protocol therapy
• Medical history of immunocompromised condition
• Systemic treatment of another type of cancer ≤ 2 years prior to registration
• Known history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

• Tesaro, Inc.
• Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
• University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT