Our primary objective is to determine if the use of tumescence has a meaningful effect on STSG uptake at the recipient site. This is an important outcome because poor graft uptake results in the need for prolonged local wound care, additional clinic visits for patients and increased risk of infection. A prospective, randomized comparison of the tumescence to our current standard of care will allow us to definitively evaluate any benefits to this technique.
Tumescence is commonly used in the treatment of burn patients to minimize blood loss during both tangential excision of eschar and during harvest of split-thickness grafts for reconstruction. This is considered the standard of care in burn surgery as using tumescence has been clearly demonstrated to reduce intraoperative blood loss during harvest of large skin grafts and excision of large burns when compared with the application of topical epinephrine as was the historic standard practice.4-6 Tumescence also creates a firm and uniform surface from which to harvest the skin graft, which the investigators believe may improve the quality of harvest and rate of skin graft take.
Condition or disease | Intervention/treatment | Phase |
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Head and Neck Cancer Surgery--Complications Graft Failure | Procedure: Tumescence During STSG Harvest | Phase 3 |
Multimodal treatment for head and neck cancer often includes surgical resection. Large tumors leave behind large anatomical defects when resected, which require reconstruction to rehabilitate form and function after ablative surgery. Two commonly used reconstructive options in reconstructive surgery are the radial forearm free flap and the fibula free flap. These in turn leave cutaneous defects at the donor site which must be reconstructed to protect the underlying soft tissues, muscles, and tendons exposed as a result of their harvest. This is effectively accomplished with a split thickness skin graft harvested from the thigh, which generally results in excellent coverage of the free flap donor site and minimal skin graft donor site morbidity. 1-3 Using a free flap for reconstruction following surgical tumor ablation often leaves behind a donor site that cannot be closed primarily and at our institution these defects are reconstructed using split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) harvested from the thigh. This creates an additional wound that must be carefully monitored, as poor skin graft take or failure can result in exposed muscle or tendon at the donor site. While many of these wound-healing complications can be treated with simple dressings, this can create added stress, another site of potential infection, and delayed healing and return to function.1-3 Tumescence of the skin graft harvest site involves a deep dermal infiltration of normal saline with epinephrine to the thigh prior to skin graft harvest. This has been demonstrated to minimize intraoperative blood loss4-6 and is routinely utilized in burn surgery where extensive skin grafting is often required.
The effect of tumescence on skin graft quality and take has not been evaluated. Anecdotally, it is our impression that this procedure may yield a lower graft failure rate thereby decreasing post-operative extremity immobility, risk of infection and wound care requirements.2 In this study, the investigators plan to compare the quality and take of split thickness skin grafts harvested with and without tumescence. Our results will have important implications for how split thickness skin grafting is performed in head and neck reconstructive surgery.
Study Type : | Interventional (Clinical Trial) |
Estimated Enrollment : | 58 participants |
Allocation: | Randomized |
Intervention Model: | Parallel Assignment |
Masking: | Double (Participant, Investigator) |
Masking Description: | Participants will be masked to the randomization group. Investigators that will be reviewing the graft images will also be masked to the randomization group. |
Primary Purpose: | Supportive Care |
Official Title: | The Role Of Tumescence In Split Thickness Skin Grafting For Reconstruction Of Head And Neck Cancer Resection |
Estimated Study Start Date : | November 1, 2021 |
Estimated Primary Completion Date : | August 1, 2023 |
Estimated Study Completion Date : | December 31, 2023 |
Arm | Intervention/treatment |
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Experimental: Tumescence During STSG Harvest
Prior to the split thickness skin graft (STSG) harvest, the tumescence technique will injection of 100-150 mL normal saline with 1:500,000 epinephrine injected into a deep dermal thigh tissue plane with 18-gauge spinal needle on a 60 mL syringe.
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Procedure: Tumescence During STSG Harvest
Tumescence injections performed prior to STSG harvest
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No Intervention: No Intervention
Patients randomized to "no tumescence" will have their free flap donor site reconstructed with a split thickness skin graft (STSG) harvested at 0.0175 inches using the dermatome to obtain a graft from the thigh.
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Ages Eligible for Study: | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) |
Sexes Eligible for Study: | All |
Accepts Healthy Volunteers: | Yes |
Inclusion Criteria Patients must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for study entry.
Exclusion Criteria Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry.
United States, California | |
UC Davis Health | |
Sacramento, California, United States, 95817 | |
Contact: Marianne Abouyared, MD |
Tracking Information | |||||||
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First Submitted Date ICMJE | June 21, 2021 | ||||||
First Posted Date ICMJE | July 19, 2021 | ||||||
Last Update Posted Date | September 16, 2021 | ||||||
Estimated Study Start Date ICMJE | November 1, 2021 | ||||||
Estimated Primary Completion Date | August 1, 2023 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | ||||||
Current Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
Percentage of graft uptake [ Time Frame: One Month Post-op ] To assess the use of tumescence during STSG harvest affect graft take at the recipient site as measured by percentage of graft uptake as measured using ImageJ (open source software available from NIH) at one month post-operatively
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Original Primary Outcome Measures ICMJE | Same as current | ||||||
Change History | |||||||
Current Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE |
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Original Secondary Outcome Measures ICMJE | Same as current | ||||||
Current Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | ||||||
Original Other Pre-specified Outcome Measures | Not Provided | ||||||
Descriptive Information | |||||||
Brief Title ICMJE | Tumescence in HNC Skin Graft Reconstruction | ||||||
Official Title ICMJE | The Role Of Tumescence In Split Thickness Skin Grafting For Reconstruction Of Head And Neck Cancer Resection | ||||||
Brief Summary |
Our primary objective is to determine if the use of tumescence has a meaningful effect on STSG uptake at the recipient site. This is an important outcome because poor graft uptake results in the need for prolonged local wound care, additional clinic visits for patients and increased risk of infection. A prospective, randomized comparison of the tumescence to our current standard of care will allow us to definitively evaluate any benefits to this technique. Tumescence is commonly used in the treatment of burn patients to minimize blood loss during both tangential excision of eschar and during harvest of split-thickness grafts for reconstruction. This is considered the standard of care in burn surgery as using tumescence has been clearly demonstrated to reduce intraoperative blood loss during harvest of large skin grafts and excision of large burns when compared with the application of topical epinephrine as was the historic standard practice.4-6 Tumescence also creates a firm and uniform surface from which to harvest the skin graft, which the investigators believe may improve the quality of harvest and rate of skin graft take. |
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Detailed Description |
Multimodal treatment for head and neck cancer often includes surgical resection. Large tumors leave behind large anatomical defects when resected, which require reconstruction to rehabilitate form and function after ablative surgery. Two commonly used reconstructive options in reconstructive surgery are the radial forearm free flap and the fibula free flap. These in turn leave cutaneous defects at the donor site which must be reconstructed to protect the underlying soft tissues, muscles, and tendons exposed as a result of their harvest. This is effectively accomplished with a split thickness skin graft harvested from the thigh, which generally results in excellent coverage of the free flap donor site and minimal skin graft donor site morbidity. 1-3 Using a free flap for reconstruction following surgical tumor ablation often leaves behind a donor site that cannot be closed primarily and at our institution these defects are reconstructed using split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) harvested from the thigh. This creates an additional wound that must be carefully monitored, as poor skin graft take or failure can result in exposed muscle or tendon at the donor site. While many of these wound-healing complications can be treated with simple dressings, this can create added stress, another site of potential infection, and delayed healing and return to function.1-3 Tumescence of the skin graft harvest site involves a deep dermal infiltration of normal saline with epinephrine to the thigh prior to skin graft harvest. This has been demonstrated to minimize intraoperative blood loss4-6 and is routinely utilized in burn surgery where extensive skin grafting is often required. The effect of tumescence on skin graft quality and take has not been evaluated. Anecdotally, it is our impression that this procedure may yield a lower graft failure rate thereby decreasing post-operative extremity immobility, risk of infection and wound care requirements.2 In this study, the investigators plan to compare the quality and take of split thickness skin grafts harvested with and without tumescence. Our results will have important implications for how split thickness skin grafting is performed in head and neck reconstructive surgery. |
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Study Type ICMJE | Interventional | ||||||
Study Phase ICMJE | Phase 3 | ||||||
Study Design ICMJE | Allocation: Randomized Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment Masking: Double (Participant, Investigator) Masking Description: Participants will be masked to the randomization group. Investigators that will be reviewing the graft images will also be masked to the randomization group. Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
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Condition ICMJE |
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Intervention ICMJE | Procedure: Tumescence During STSG Harvest
Tumescence injections performed prior to STSG harvest
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Study Arms ICMJE |
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Publications * | Not Provided | ||||||
* Includes publications given by the data provider as well as publications identified by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number) in Medline. |
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Recruitment Information | |||||||
Recruitment Status ICMJE | Not yet recruiting | ||||||
Estimated Enrollment ICMJE |
58 | ||||||
Original Estimated Enrollment ICMJE | Same as current | ||||||
Estimated Study Completion Date ICMJE | December 31, 2023 | ||||||
Estimated Primary Completion Date | August 1, 2023 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure) | ||||||
Eligibility Criteria ICMJE |
Inclusion Criteria Patients must meet all of the following criteria to be eligible for study entry.
Exclusion Criteria Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from study entry.
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Sex/Gender ICMJE |
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Ages ICMJE | 18 Years and older (Adult, Older Adult) | ||||||
Accepts Healthy Volunteers ICMJE | Yes | ||||||
Contacts ICMJE | |||||||
Listed Location Countries ICMJE | United States | ||||||
Removed Location Countries | |||||||
Administrative Information | |||||||
NCT Number ICMJE | NCT04967391 | ||||||
Other Study ID Numbers ICMJE | 1777948 | ||||||
Has Data Monitoring Committee | No | ||||||
U.S. FDA-regulated Product |
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IPD Sharing Statement ICMJE |
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Responsible Party | University of California, Davis | ||||||
Study Sponsor ICMJE | University of California, Davis | ||||||
Collaborators ICMJE | Not Provided | ||||||
Investigators ICMJE | Not Provided | ||||||
PRS Account | University of California, Davis | ||||||
Verification Date | September 2021 | ||||||
ICMJE Data element required by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and the World Health Organization ICTRP |